How do CD-R discs work?

Normal CDs cannot be modified -- they are read-only devices. But a CD-R disc needs to allow the drive to write data onto the disc. What's different about the CD-R?

I found this game disc in my Xbox and saw it was foggy (left) and does not work! The one to the right is for comparison. Data rot? : r/computers

Memorex Blank CD-R 57PK New up to 52/700MB/80 min New + 7 Sony DvD+R 120 min New

Sold as 50/Pack. CD-R helps you safely burn your personal and work files for convenient use anytime White inkjet-printable discs offer 52x write speed

Staples Printable CD-R Recordable 50 Discs 80 Minutes 700MB

How does a CD work? (AKIO TV)

How CDs Work HowStuffWorks

What is a CD-ROM? – TechTarget Definition

CD-R - Recordable Compact Disk

Sold as 10/PK CD-R helps you safely burn your personal and work files for convenient use anytime. Features 52x write speed for quick data transfer and

STAPLES 483050 700MB 80MIN 52X CD-R Slim Jewel Case 10/Pack (32370)

ciciglow External CD DVD VCD Drive, USB2.0 Portable Ultra Thin Optical Drive Reader Writer Burner, Support DVD+R/DVD‑R/CD‑ROM/DVD‑ROM/CD‑R/ CD‑RW, DVD Drive for Desktop/Laptop/All in One Computer : Electronics